My First Spurlock Museum Exhibit

At the beginning of today begins as any morning before in my life. The main thing that contrasts this day from the others is my future visit to a historical center presentation. The Spurlock Museum is known by its assortments, records, displays, and articles that present social legacy of Ancient Egypt, Africa, Rome, Greece, East and Southeast Asia, and numerous other countries.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on My First Spurlock Museum Exhibit explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hover in the focal point of the Spurlock Museum joins a few distinct displays in both topical and physical levels. I have a decision to visit any exhibition: approachable and amiable staff is anxious to introduce any data, be that as it may, it doesn't generally important to offer a few bits of guidance as all focuses are entirely depicted with the assistance of the showcases. This gallery is intriguing from a few viewpoints: appropriately picked hues, charming structure , fascinating sizes of each room, and sound, the quietness permits to feel the environment of the picked age and those occasions as the guest may just envision. For somebody, dim and white shades of the main room might be fairly burdensome and in any event, exhausting. Be that as it may, for me, such selection of hues underlines the precision and fair-minded nature of the room, where every guest can without much of a stretch choose the display as indicated by his/her own decision and inclinations. East Asian culture and Oceania consistently stand out for me, and I need to find out about progressively about their customs and fantasies. This is the reason my first display to visit is clear †East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. James Clifford once expounded on the presentation he chatted with his child that individuals can without much of a stretch â€Å"skip the starters in light of the fact that the following, bigger, space draws you in.† (194) People are so changeable with their inclinations and decisions, in any case, their history and the objects of culture may say a great deal regarding individuals and their previous existences. As a rule, individuals attempt to make bunches of conventions so as to tail them and make their lives pretty much trustworthy on something; something that is less fathomable and even uncontrolled. Folklore of Bali is one of my first stop. I have just perused a great deal about Balinese folklore: Rangda and Barong are my preferred characters. It is inconceivable charming to see these characters so near me and even to ‘become aquatinted’ with them. Rangda was one of the most impressive Balinese abhorrent witches. She had mind boggling power; her picture assumes a significant job in Balinese culture and pulls in the consideration of heaps of tourists.Advertising Looking for paper on craftsmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Barong is a decent character that battled against Rangda. Individuals of Bali speak to barongs as various creatures. For every area, there was another creature battling against the malice of Rangda: a customary lion, a radiant mythical beast, a gigantic tiger, and even a major pig. Due to such capriciousness of pictures, the Spurlock Museum presents this display with one of the conceivable and likely the most significant covers †the veil of lion. The splendid shades of the cover stand out for me first. Mind boggling mix of red and brilliant hues and the light of the room make this figure rather kind and appealing to the watcher. Such splendid hues are unquestionably inalienable to the Balinese and their taste. This barong ket is a blessing introduced by Professor John Garvey to the Spurlock Museum. The show originates from Bali and partakes in various celebrations. Notwithstanding the way that the barong ket is a mythical serpent like figure, the nearness of veil consummately underli nes that there was no solid picture of the barong in Ancient Indonesia. The Spurlock Museum consummately presents the way of life of Balinese individuals: from one perspective, horrible and in any event, unnerving picture of abhorrence witch Rangda is shown with the assistance of red hues; then again, similar hues were utilized to speak to Barong. Be that as it may, the manners in which these hues are utilized are fairly extraordinary, and this is the reason such two displays may cause totally various feelings from the watcher. The cover of Rangda is another display that is fascinating to me in the Spurlock Museum. This veil has long hair and dim eyes with dark students and somewhat light irises. (Spurlock Museum) One gold lace dangles from the mouth, where four gold items are appended. Rangda is fairly an unpredictable figure. Regardless of whether this awful face with red tongue and shining eyes should cause dread, this figure isn't an image of dread neither for the Balinese no fo r guests of the Spurlock Museum. It is irate and frightened. Notwithstanding, this very figure makes me consider the reasons why it is so. Possibly, this Rangda is an image of misconception and dread, however dread not of the individuals around but since of them. This veil goes to the Spurlock Museum in 2002. It is likewise one of the blessings of Professor John Garvey to the historical center. Such presents furnish the guests with a chance to get familiar with the history and the conventions of the most loved nations, about individuals and their tastes.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on My First Spurlock Museum Exhibit explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the assistance of such models, the way of life of the Balinese individuals may alive. Individuals get a magnificent chance to envision the conceivable improvement of the occasions by methods for the pictures and displays. Individuals consistently have the privilege of decision, and the Spurlo ck Museum gives its guests such decisions. My first gathering with the shows of the Spurlock Museum is truly astounding. I attempt to utilize all my creative mind to think about and examine the recorded articles, which are left for our and people in the future. Galleries help us to contact our history by and by and grasp why our reality is this way, why individuals want to trust in old conventions as opposed to making new ones and considering current conditions. The introduction of the Spurlock Museum intrigued me a great deal. Brilliant shades of each room and their unimaginable mix in one room (the first) are one of the most intriguing methodologies picked by the laborers of the Spurlock Museum. It isn't that simple to join diverse ages, times, and societies. The Spurlock Museum doesn't befuddle the guest however encourages him/her settle on the correct decision and appreciate the magnificence of the presentations. Next time, I need to visit the Spurlock Museum not the only one so as to share this magnificence and the historical backdrop of various individuals with another person, who will grasp and appreciate it with me. Clifford says that after he completes perception all the shows in Paradise, he needs â€Å"a progressively irresolute Paradise.† (221) Almost the equivalent transpires, after I watch the figures of my preferred antiquated characters, I need more †more displays, more realities, and more history about the individuals of Bali. Works Cited Clifford, James. Heaven. Stygall, G. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005. Spurlock Museum. College of Illinois Board of Trustees. Feb, 2003. 21 April, 2009. https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/index.htmlAdvertising Searching for paper on workmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This article on My First Spurlock Museum Exhibit was composed and presented by client Moises Craft to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

bedroom Essay Example For Students

room Essay There is nothing all the more soothing to me then the inconspicuous environmental factors of my room. The floor is pale but then loaded with surface, mauve shaded rug covers the floor needing vacuuming because of the bits of fluff and pieces that dot its comfortable surface. In a variety of shine and semi-gleam, shades of grayish spread these four dividers and their baseboards dotted uniquely by an infrequent paint chip or blurred unique mark. My beds sheets and covers are unsettled and in desperate need of being fixed. Two pads rest at the furthest edge, they are secured by cases made of cerulean fabric. This shading structures a wonderful coordinating appear differently in relation to the darker blues that obviously bargain the shading of the quilt. There is a TV stand simply past the foot of the bed, its earthy colored wooden completion seems to have been haphazardly recolored with a combination of tidies and the syrup of soft drinks left upon its surface throughout the years. Upo n it rests a 27-inch shading TV, with specked speaker gaps cut out of its front. Strangely, two video tapes sit close to the TV, yet there is not a single video tape player to be seen. I hear the whistle of a dishwasher close by in the kitchen and sometimes the snap of giggling or the mumble of discussion will contact me from another room. As I breathe in, I can smell the transient fragrance of blend splashes, their particular flavor obscure. In my bed, I smell the toasty warmth of recently dried sheets and by my TV, my nose can detect the exhalation of electronic residue. This urges me to investigate another room in the house and spurs me to put down my defective ball-point, to rise, and to consider the other mind blowing encounters that anticipate my four detects.

Subject Verb Agreement with Gerunds

Subject Verb Agreement with Gerunds Subject-Verb Agreement and GerundsWhen I check a students writing for the first time, I am almost guaranteed to spot a few errors related tosubject-verb agreement.Most of these errors are fairly easy for students to identify when proofreading their work, but one type of subject-verb agreement error is difficult for even advanced students to grasp. That type of error relates togerunds as subjects.Understand that a gerund is derived from a verb but functions as a noun ending in -ing. As in:Joggingis my favorite type of exercise.Shoppingfor my sister is quite difficult.Jogging and shopping look a lot like verbs, but function as nouns. Therefore, we need to pick the right verb later in the sentence.Heres what you need to remember: For the purpose of subject-verb agreement,gerunds should be treated as a singular noun(I usually ask my students to treat them like it). In this sentence we must say jogging is and shopping is. We must not say jogging are and shopping are.ExampleHeres a sentenc e I got today:The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that finding a lot of incomplete fossils are better than finding only a few complete ones.Can you see the error? Yes, this should be:The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that finding a lot of incomplete fossilsisbetter than finding only a few complete ones.The gerund is finding, so the proper verb choice is is. This was difficult for the student because there are a lot of words between the gerund (finding) and the verb (is). This is something you need to watch for when you proofread your work.ExceptionsAs always in English, there are exceptions. Some gerundscan be countableand this will have a plural form. For a list of those, consultthis page.Sign up for express essay evaluation today!Submit your practice essays for evaluation by the author of this website. Get feedback on grammar, structure, vocabulary and more. Learn how to score better on the TOEFL. Feedback in 48 hours.Sign Up Today

Friendship The State Of Being Friends - 929 Words

â€Å"Friendship... is not something you learn in school. But if you haven t learned the meaning of friendship, you really haven t learned anything.† This quote by Muhammad Ali describes the importance of friendship for an individual’s life. The meaning of friendship varies to every person in the world. Strong friendships create a healthy, positive relationship between two people. Compared to weak friendships, that fall apart and hurt others. The Webster definition of friendship is, â€Å"the state of being friends: the relationship between friends.† However, I believe to build a solid friendship with another person, it takes effort and two people who are willing to do anything for each other. Friendship is a security blanket, friendship is a rock, friendship is respect, and friendship is a teeter-totter. Friendship is not selfish. A strong friendship is built on people who genuinely care about one another. Self-centered, rude, and careless people, usually are un able to maintain friendships. Arguments constantly occur, leading people to say something they did not mean, causing the friendship to shatter. â€Å"Too much selfishness and you ll lack friends. Not enough, and you may act as a doormat.† (Burbach, 5 Quotes to Help You Deal With Selfish Friends.) People who always put themselves first in a friendship, will cause problems with everyone else involved. A vital role between people in a friendship is putting other friends first. Helping someone out during a time they are in need,Show MoreRelatedConfessions By Saint Augustine And The Nicomachean Ethics1271 Words   |  6 Pagestheme of friendship is constantly portrayed. Each philosopher has his own respected thoughts and opinions about the different aspects of friendship. This paper will argue both the similarities and differences between Aristotle and Saint Augustine’s argument about the role of friendship. 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Not everyone is going to haveRead MoreHow Aristotle Uses Friendship Is The Greatest External Good954 Words   |  4 PagesHow Aristotle Uses Friendship as a Prerequisite to Happiness Aristotle states that the â€Å"proper function of man consists in an activity of the soul in conformity with a rational principle, or, at least, not without it† (Page 17 1098a ll. 3-5). The proper function of man is needed to understand happiness. In this understanding, Aristotle explains that happiness is the highest good one could wish to achieve through human function. Aristotle states â€Å"a happy man lives well and fares well†(Page 19Read MoreVirtue is a Necessary Feature of Friendship871 Words   |  4 PagesFriendship offers a basic good that is necessary in human life. But to what extent, if any, is virtue a necessary feature of a true friendship? A popular view, and one I agree with, is the highly moralized view, according to Cocking and Kennett, â€Å"friendship is an essential vehicle for moral development and improvement † (Cocking and Kennett, 280). In order to argue my view that virtue is a necessary feature, I will discuss Aristotle’ s view of the best kind of friendship, reconstruct Cocking Kennett’sRead MoreAristotle s Views On Friendship1357 Words   |  6 Pagesattaches importance to friendship within his ethical reflections. It suffices to recall that the Nicomachean Ethics, the most representative of the ethical works of Aristotle, contains two complete books, books VIII and IX, dedicated to friendship. This means that the theme of friendship is given a much wider space than other fundamental ethical issues. However, this breadth in his explanations is not something casual, but rather responds to Aristotle’s belief that friendship is something particularly

The s The Intellectual Faculties Essay - 1516 Words

Due to Alastor anticipating A Defence of Poetry, clearly Shelley had been considering the role of the poet for quite some time. Shelley writes in the Preface to Alastor ‘The intellectual faculties, the imagination, the functions of sense, have their respective requisitions on the sympathy of corresponding powers in other human beings. The Poet is represented as uniting these requisitions, and attaching them to a single image’.[6] Furthermore, in A Defence of Poetry, he writes ‘Poets, according to the circumstances of the age and nation in which they appeared, were called in the earlier epochs of the world legislators or prophets: a poet essentially comprises and unites both these characters’.[7] This solidifies another step in defining the role of the poet: unifier. A poet unites the characteristics of humans with the beauty of the natural world; which is evident in Shelley’s use of lengthy scenery descriptions. The Poet’s role is to illustrate to the reader these connections in a way that ignites the mind and heightens the sense of identity. When the reader examines the ideas of the poet and observes the connections, they will begin to contemplate the awe of the universe and how it relates to humans. This is the poet’s role – to awaken the imaginations of readers. Shelley states poets ‘are the institutors of laws and the founders of civil society and the inventors of the arts of life and the teachers’.[8] This was also salient in romanticism, where the arts could feasiblyShow MoreRelatedThe University Of Maryland University1333 Words   |  6 Pagesedu/policies/researchpolicies/research19000.cfm In order to preserve the university’s mission to â€Å"create, preserve, and disseminate knowledge† (UMUC, 2002) the University of Maryland University College (UMUC) has created Policy 190.00 – Intellectual Property. 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Throw Your Hands in the Air Maybe You´ll Hit a Drone Essay

Throw Your Hands In The Air†¦Maybe You’ll Hit A Drone It is never too early to be concerned about the future. Especially if the argument and the justification for concern can be made now. Jeff Bezos’ of Amazon has proposed a drone fleet that will venture into an unfamiliar frontier of package delivery, bringing customers all orders under 5lbs their package by one of Amazons specially designed â€Å"octocopters†. Though this plan is nothing more than to use drones to deliver packages the idea is extreme and has people up in arms. The reason people are concerned is because they foresee the older and larger issues that are being reintroduced by this new plan. The issue of drone use has been an extremely controversial topic in the US. There has†¦show more content†¦Speaker, is surveillance, not the delivery of packages.† Poe is not only voicing his own concerns in his statement, but also the concern of his constituents. Poe is fully aware of the larger issue because as a Republican representative from Texas he has been in many meetings in congress for different issues that all address protecting privacy of Americans. Poe knows that if the plan were to grow that would mean the American government is supporting and putting time, effort, and funds into something that goes towards violating the right to privacy the American people have. However, the authors response to the Poe statement is to present evidence of another senator who claims, Before drones start delivering packages, we need the FAA to deliver privacy protections for the American public, This defense to the argument that people shouldn’t be concerned of Amazon’s drone use yet this falls short of addressing the real issue. Senator Ed Markey, who made this defense, is ignoring the point that this plan like any other drone related plan would be infringing people’s privacy. People are right to be up in arms so they can protect themselves from the government allowing their privacy to be violated. To claim that it s only with regard to the Amazon drones is a bold claim because there are a hundred other proposed plans from the past that have threatened or actually

Quiz for Chapter free essay sample

Hormonal signaling is important between cells that are at greater distances apart than in synaptic signaling. C) Both act on target cells by a G-protein-signaling pathway. D) Only A and B are true. E) A , B, and C are true. 3. From the perspective of the cell receiving the message, the three stages of cell signaling are A) the paracrine, local, and synaptic stages. B) signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response C) signal reception, nucleus disintegration, and new cell generation. D) the alpha, beta, and gamma stages. E) signal reception, cellular response, and cell division. 4. When a cell releases a signal molecule into the environment and a number of cells in the immediate vicinity respond, this type of signaling is A) typical of hormones. B) autocrine signaling. C) paracrine signaling. D) endocrine signaling. E) synaptic signaling. 5. The yield from putting NADH + H+ through the electron transport chain is ________ ATP and the yield from FADH2 is ________ ATP. A. three, two B. three, four C. four, three D. two, three 6. Fermentation takes place in the ________ of oxygen, a process also known as ________ respiration. A. presence, aerobic B. presence, anaerobic C. absence, aerobic D. absence, anaerobic 7. Pyruvate is the starting compound for ________. A. Alcohol fermentation B. Glycolysis C. Lactic acid fermentation D. All of the answers are correct E. Alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation 8. ________ is the key regulatory enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. A. Hexokinase B. Rubisco C. Phosphofructokinase D. Isomerase 9. What is the role of O2 in electron transport? final electron acceptor 10. What are the three stages of cellular respiration and which one contributes most to ATP yield? Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation/electron transport. Oxidative phosphorylation contributes most. 11. Describe the importance of the membrane in electron transport. Provides a ‘substrate’ for the proteins involved; support, positioning relative to each other, etc. Provides a barrier across which protons can be pumped to form a gradient that is later used to form ATP. 12. What pathway is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Glycolysis 13. What is the key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis and what is the effect of an increased ATP concentration on this enzyme and on respiration in general? The key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis is phosphofructokinase. An increase in ATP concentration means that the cell is not using all the energy that is being produced from the breakdown of glucose. Therefore, phosphofructokinase is shut down to prevent unnecessary breakdown of energy stores (i. e. glucose). Respiration will slow down. 14. What is the primary difference (in general terms) between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation? substrate-level phosphorylation involves the transfer of a phosphate group from one molecule to another and oxidative phosphorylation involves the formation of ATP as a result of redox reactions in the electron transport chain. 5. What is the name of the enzyme that uses the proton gradient to make ATP? Answer: ATP synthase Objective 2-4 16. A type of local regulation in which only the adjacent cells are affected by signal chemicals is called ________ signaling. a. paracrine b. hormone c. autosomal d. neuronal 17. A type of receptor which uses GTP to activate a mobile peripheral protein is ca lled a: ________. e. receptor-tyrosine kinase f. G-protein-linked receptor g. ligand-gated ion channel 18. When a signal molecule binds to ________, the receptor forms a dimer and then has the ability to phosphorylate several different proteins. h. eceptor-tyrosine kinase i. G-protein-linked receptor j. ligand-gated ion channel 19. A(n) ________ is a small, non-protein molecule that functions in a transduction pathway. k. hydrolase l. enzyme m. second messenger 20. ________ is a second messenger that is actively pumped out of the cytosol, which keeps the concentration low. Then, when the second messenger is released, it may have a large effect on several proteins simultaneously. n. cAMP o. Ca2+ p. IP3 q. DAG 21. Different types of cells may respond differently to the same signal molecule because ___________. r. the signal molecule emits different wavelengths of light s. ach type of cell has its own complement of proteins t. the cell may feel threatened by the signal 22. Explain why hormones are not considered local regulators. By definition, hormones act on parts of the body that are distant from the site of production of the hormone. 23. Describe how signal amplification is accomplished in target cells. For each signal molecule, many primary messengers are activated, and for every level of the series of reactions that results, many new reactions are stimulated. 24. What are the three stages of cell signaling? Reception, transduction, response. 25. Describe where receptors for water-soluble and lipid soluble signal molecules are located. For example, receptors for ________ signal molecules are typically on the exterior of the plasma membrane. water-soluble, on the exterior of the plasma membrane; lipid-soluble, inside the cell. 26. What are the two main advantages of using a multistep pathway in the transduction stage of cell signaling? signal amplification and regulation/control 27. Compare kinases and phosphatases in terms of phosphorylation. kinases phosphorylate another molecule; phosphatases dephosphorylate another molecule. Objective 2-5 ) The centromere is a region in which A) chromatids are attached to one another. B) metaphase chromosomes become aligned. C) chromosomes are grouped during telophase. D) the nucleus is located prior to mitosis. E) new spindle microtubules form. 2) What is a chromatid? A) a chromosome in G1 of the cell cycle B) a replicated chromosome C) a chromosome found outside the nucleus D) a special region that holds two centromeres together E) another name for the chromosomes found in genetics 3) What is the name for the special region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together? A) centrosome B) centromere C) kinetochore D) desmosome E) microtubule organizer region 4. How is the S phase of the cell cycle measured? A) counting the number of cells produced per hour B) determining the length of time during which DNA synthesis occurred in the cells C) comparing the synthesis versus the breakdown of S protein D) determining when the S chromosome is synthesized E) stopping G1 and measuring the number of picograms of DNA per cell 5. Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not cytokinesis, the result would be a cell with A) a single large nucleus. B) high concentrations of actin and myosin. C) two abnormally small nuclei. D) two nuclei. E) two nuclei but with half the amount of DNA. 6) Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants A) the spindles contain microfibrils in addition to microtubules, whereas animal spindles do not contain microfibrils. B) sister chromatids are identical, but they differ from one another in animals. C) a cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage. D) chromosomes become attached to the spindle at prophase, whereas in animals chromosomes do not become attached until anaphase. E) spindle poles contain centrioles, whereas spindle poles in animals do not. 7) The correct sequence of steps in the M phase of the cell cycle is A) prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. B) prophase, metaphase, prometaphase, anaphase, telophase. C) prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis. E) cytokinesis, telophase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase. 8. Imagine looking through a microscope at a squashed onion root tip. The chromosomes of many of the cells are plainly visible. In some cells, replicated chromosomes are aligned along the center (equator) of the cell. These particular cells are in which stage of mitosis? A) telophase B) prophase C) anaphase D) metaphase E) prometaphase 9. The questions below consist of five phrases or sentences concerned with the cell cycle. For each one, select the answer below that is most closely related to it. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. G0 B. G1 C. S D. G2 E. M 9. the shortest part of the cell cycle Answer: E 10. What is the name of enzymes that control the activities of other proteins by phosphorylating them? A) ATPases B) kinases C) cyclins D) chromatin E) protein kinases 28. Interphase includes _______. u. Mitosis (M) v. Gap 1 (G1) w. Synthesis (S) x. all of the answers are correct y. both Gap 1 (G1) and Synthesis (S) 29. During ________, we can see highly condensed chromosomes in no particular pattern, but during ________ the highly condensed chromosomes are lined up across the middle of the cell. z. anaphase, telophase {. metaphase, anaphase |. prometaphase, metaphase }. metaphase, prophase 30. ________ attach at the centromeres of each sister chromatid in preparation for nuclear division. ~. centrosomes . kinetechore microtubules . nonkinetechore microtubules asters . centrioles 31. ________ duplicate during G2 of interphase, and then move to opposite ends of the cell. They are known as the microtubule organizing centers and microtubules radiate out from them. . centrosomes . kinetechore microtubules . nonkinetechore microtubules . asters . centrioles 32. ________ content in the cell fluctuates in a regu lar manner. As it accumulates, more of it binds with ________ to form MPF. This signals the cell to begin cell division. . Cdk, Cyclin . Cyclin, Cdk . Cyclin, phosphofructokinase 33. What is metastasis? Answer: The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.

The Union The Business Behind Getting High

Introduction Review of the film The Union: the Business behind Getting High film by Brett Harvey is one of the most excellent documentaries of modern times covering the issue of marijuana. It is indeed a movie that everyone in the united stated should be interested to watch. The Union: The Business behind Getting high is a Canadian documentary that largely focuses on the Canadian flaws in their policy on drugs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Union: The Business Behind Getting High — 2007 (The Drug War/Marijuana Legalization) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, the highlighted defects of drug policy are not only applicable to Canada but also to the drug policy of the United States that is very flawed. It is worth noting that the drug policies applicable in Mexico, Canada, and also in the United States are essentially intertwined in the sense that it would be practically be impossible to disc uss one of the aforementioned country’s policy while excluding the rest. This documentary makes a good attempt to be all inclusive (Pua 1). The Canadian documentary focuses generally on decriminalization verses legalization, an issue that has been a center of heated debate both in the United States and Canada. According to the movie, there are a number of reasons that are advanced in support of legalization of marijuana. The most important reason for legalizing marijuana is that the government would be able to collect a very huge sum of money considering the proceeds that accrue from organized crimes such as drug cartels. Some other reasons advanced by the documentary include the ability of the government to control the sale of such drugs to minors and also collection of tax revenue. The reasons in support of legalizing marijuana as advanced by Harvey in the documentary are indeed convincing. The documentary is nonetheless incomparable to other movies because of the contribut ion made in it by experts in this aspect. Uncommon in other movies regarding the issue of marijuana, the Union documentary contains interviews conducted amongst high ranking government officials and politicians from Canada such as Seattle’s former chief of police, mayors, as well as senator. The documentary also includes experts such as biologists, WA, chemists, and Harvard medical doctors. This is a clear indication that the documentary by Harvey presents testimony from genuine experts, for purposes of giving an explanation and supporting why it would be more appropriate than not to legalize marijuana (YouTube). Discussion The documentary opens the curtains with a famous football player O.J. Simpson who is indicted and found not guilty of the offence of murdering his wife together with a waiter allegedly because of a pair of glasses. According to the medical evidence, the DNA sample got from the scene of crime matched that of O.J. Simpson; nevertheless, the glove did not fit .Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This turn of evidence changed the whole turn of events. The documentary further develop a number of issues, it works to blow up some myths and finally concluded that marijuana would be much worthwhile legalized notwithstanding the minor impacts it would have. The documentary is assembled in a synergistic manner at about 105 minute. It includes fascination stories, taking head interviews and archival footage which are arranged in clips that are entertaining and fast. The documentary clips cover the incognito growers, the obvious suspects, Tommy Chong and dealers as well as clips from other sources such as Joe Rogan and former police chiefs. All this individuals are very much willing to give their opinion about marijuana which views indicate that criminalizing cannabis is an irrational status. Their narrations, status, and interviews are intertwined wi th trenchant or highly entertaining clips highlight carefully every aspect that is being affirmed. There are clips from the reefer madness to those from ancient footage involving farmers gathering hemp, with stops for clips which are related to the previous footage circumstantially. The events that unfold in the documentary are covered so well by the director in that for about thirty five minutes the move has not yet began to scrutinize the business of getting high. In the first 35 minutes, the movie outlines the foundation of the director’s claims to the effect that marijuana is an affordable and an extremely versatile commodity regrettably criminalized by poor legal framework that are geared towards eradication the icky sticky (Pua 1). The documentary further maintain that most of the claims of marijuana being harmful are founded on unauthentic findings such as marijuana kills the cells of the brain is just but a misplaced myth. The movie depict that illegalizing marijuana would instead increase the preference of use. According to the movie during the prohibition of alcohol consumption, the rates of boozing increase tremendously not to mention the increase in the organized crime aimed at getting alcohol for the people. The documentary further makes a comparison between the number of individuals killed by consumption of either tobacco or alcohol per annum and the statistics of deaths cause by marijuana consumption. It is established that cigarettes and alcohol causes hundreds of thousands of people while there has not been direct deaths related to consumption of marijuana.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Union: The Business Behind Getting High — 2007 (The Drug War/Marijuana Legalization) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The documentary is founded on the reality that the illegal status of marijuana in both Canada and the United States could be reversed if the policy maker s could show an open mind to facts that are scientifically proven and also some tolerance. The illegal status of marijuana allows the sellers and growers to charge more. If the rules are changed and marijuana become legal, the cartels will obviously lose a lot of money which will in turn acts as another edition of prohibition (YouTube). The movie is professionally directed in that it does not veer the audience into accepting the theory. Harvey allows the interviews and research do the talking the research and interview shows that in 104 individuals who uses marijuana, only one individual uses cocaine an almost none of them uses heroine. From the study conducted by UCLA shows that marijuana does not cause cancer. By using research and interviews is a brilliant idea since the audiences are offered an opportunity to get different facts as well as common sense. There is only one issue about the movie that may be criticized which is that fact that the documentary does not cover the other side of the coin particularly, it does not address the views of law enforcement agencies, politicians and individuals who do not approve of legalizing marijuana. The Union: The Business behind Getting High documentary is about the cannabis industry in British Colombia, the movie also depicts the stigma associated with marijuana in the western society particularly in America. In documentary uses the term union in the title perhaps because the term is frequently used to refer to the individuals as well as groups which in real life situation take part in illegal marijuana industry in British Colombia. The documentary is a fantastic eye opener and it should be kept on the supplemental film list. This is because there are very few people who may be aware of the fact that marijuana is not as bad as it seems to be portrayed; the documentary seek to disapprove the negative attitude held by majority of people in the western society about marijuana. The documentary through expert opinion pro ves that nobody has ever died from consumption of marijuana which is ironically illegal , while the drugs that are legalized such as tobacco and alcohol have caused hundreds of thousands deaths. Analysis and conclusion Basically the message that can be construed from the documentary is that cannabis is not actually harmful in any way like the pharmaceutical drugs, alcohol, coffee, or even tobacco, and unlike these legalized and harmful drugs, cannabis is harmless with both commercial and medical benefits. Ironically, the two attributes of marijuana are surprisingly the reason behind its prohibition which is quite irrational.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This goes to confirm that most companies manufacturing drugs may not approve of a plant which grow naturally with so many benefits since such a plant would naturally put such companies out of business of manufacturing other drugs (Pua 1). The documentary shows that due to the understanding of the benefits associated with marijuana, the plant was legal and actually, some government used to encourage its growth before the twentieth century. The prohibition of marijuana particularly in the United States is also related to the fact that the government used the plant as a justification of effecting arrests for political, profiteering and war. The documentary makes an attempt to explain the reason as to why prohibition of marijuana never works. In an effort to explain the situation, the documentary use statistics and research about past prohibition of alcohol which brought about more consumption of alcohol and more organized crimes to bring it to the market. It therefore goes without sayi ng that there is no substantial and rational reason that has been advanced to suggest why cannabis is prohibited and treated with a lot of stigma in the western society. Surprisingly the plant is treated with more seriousness then even hard drugs for instance heroin and cocaine or even the other legalized drugs which are harmful to human health. The documentary is indeed one of a kind as the information presented therein is confirmed and approved by real scholars, doctors, former politicians, former law enforcement agencies, and biochemists, not to mention the various scientific studies. From all the interviews and study conducted are in agreement with the fact that cannabis does not pose any kind of harm except the stigma created by its prohibition. In the documentary, Harvey tries to focus on the Canadian flaws in their policy on drugs. Nonetheless, the highlighted shortcomings of drug policy are not only observable in the Canadian legal system, but also to the drug policy of the United States that is very flawed. The documentary espouses a number of reasons that are advanced even by experts in support of legalization of marijuana. The main argument in support of legalizing cannabis being that the government would be able to collect a very huge sum of money which flow in industry. Some other arguments advanced by the documentary include the fact that legalizing marijuana would enable the government to control the sale of such drugs to minors and also collection of tax revenue. Works Cited Pua, Adrian. A Review of The Union: The Business Behind Getting High. 2007. Web. http://headlessreviews.blogspot.com/2007/10/union-business-behind-getting-high.html YouTube. The Union: The Business Behind Getting High — 2007 (The Drug War/Marijuana Legalization) Directed by Lucy Walker. 2007. Web. This essay on The Union: The Business Behind Getting High — 2007 (The Drug War/Marijuana Legalization) was written and submitted by user Alanna Bates to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Islamic Politics in Pakistan from 1956 Till Present Essays

Islamic Politics in Pakistan from 1956 Till Present Essays Islamic Politics in Pakistan from 1956 Till Present Essay Islamic Politics in Pakistan from 1956 Till Present Essay Islamic Politics in Pakistan from 1956 Till Present Name: Institution: Islamic Politics in Pakistan from 1956 Till Present Thesis statement This paper will examine the extent that Islamism has been involved in politics, in regions where Islam is the main religion, by focusing on the politics in Pakistan from 1956 to the present. Methodology This research will examine various scholarly sources and different textbooks, showing the history of Pakistan, and the history of Islam in the country. The sources will be from both Pakistan and western scholars, in order to create a more objective view. The paper will begin by noting the connection between religion and politics over the years. It will examine the influence of Islam since it was formed. It will then describe the importance of religion in Islamic politics and democracy. It is important to describe some of the terms used in the paper to enhance the reader’s understanding and to clarify any misunderstanding. The scope of the research begins from 1956, since this was when the country enacted the constitution based on Islamic principles. The sources will highlight the struggles that Pakistan had when fighting for independence from the British, until their final realization of independence, which enabled them to have a constitution. The sources will highlight the initial conflict of integrating Islam in politics. It will note the struggle the country has had in implementing the sharia law, in a country where many people crave to heave democracy. The sources will describe the beginnings of democracy, showing the successes and failure of democracy over the years. The paper will highlight the definition and meaning of democracy from different perspectives. It will examine the definition of democracy from a western perspective and contrast it with the Islamic and Pakistani definitions and meanings of democracy. This is important in emphasizing and addressing the differences in politics between different groups in the region. The western definition of democracy does not consider the religious supremacy that is claimed in the Islamic definition. The western perspective of democracy emphasizes equality of all citizens irrespective of their race, ethnicity, and religion. The Islamic perspective of democracy emphasizes the freedom to practice the Islamic religion, part of which is exercising the sharia law. This perspective emphasizes submitting to God’s will from an Islamic perspective, and this will is above the human laws. The Pakistanis have different perspectives of democracy, with some recognizing it as a return to civilian government. Although they recognize the idea of holding free and fair elections as part of the fundamental concepts of democracy, they only recognize a few people who are entitled to lead. The research will highlight the current perception of people concerning the Islamic influence in government. This is because there are some differences in the way Muslims consider the integration of their religion with politics. From the various definitions of democracy that people have in their country, it is clear that some difference exist in the way some Muslims consider the importance of their religion in politics. The research will highlight some of the challenges facing the country, as these problems are a threat to democracy. Conclusion The paper will conclude by summarizing the main points. This will include the country’s history, the importance of Islam in the country, the integration of religion in politics, and the meaning of democracy to the people in Pakistan. It will finalize by emphasizing the main threats facing democracy in the country. The study of democracy is relevant since it is a major part of politics in Pakistan. It is also important to have a thorough understanding of the differing perceptions of democracy, to understand why the country has a hard time implementing democracy.

Creation and Science (Christianity) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Creation and Science (Christianity) - Essay Example This evolution theory by Charles Darwin has gained popularity among scholars over the years. Other theories proposed by science over the origin and existence of the universe include the big bang theory and the passing star theory. Creationism faces a lot of opposition socially and politically. Majority of the schools hardly include it in their learning. Evolutionism has a lot of favor, and it is being taught in schools. This is what made the proposed theory of intelligent design face a lot of criticism. The intelligent design theory argues that the universe and its inhabitants are too complex in structure and design to exist as a mere product of evolution (Davis et al 36-61). It proposes that the universe and creatures in it is an intelligent product of an intelligent designer. Both science and religion hold strong views on the existence of life and the universe. It is, however, possible for the conflict between the two to end as concepts and theories of science and religion can be compatible. Scholars do not necessarily need to choose one over the other, but rather appreciate both views as each one complements and enriches the other in a number of

Currency exchange futures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Currency exchange futures - Research Paper Example F) may be traded in any of the three ways: 1) At an Exchange regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) 2) At an exchange regulated by the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). 3) Off-Exchange, also known as Over the Counter (OTC) Market. A buyer interacts directly with a seller and there is no exchange or clearing house to support the transaction. CEF being part of Foreign Exchange trading begins Monday morning in Sydney, Australia (Sunday afternoon in the United States) and moves around the globe as business days begin in financial centers from Tokyo to London to New York, ending with the close of trading Friday afternoon in New York. Anything that happens anywhere in the world at any time of the day or night affects the Forex market immediately without waiting for an exchange to open before the effects can be seen. The Forex market is always open for trading. CEF can be traded electronically and hence positions can be opened and closed in realtime. CEF has the advantage of High leverage, the margins are low and hence small amount of investment can give control of sizeable position. With a minor positive movement would result in higher returns on investment. The disadvantage being that a minor negative movement would result in erosion of your funds. The most popular currency futures market is the EUR futures market, which is based upon the Euro to US Dollar exchange rate. The most popular currency futures are provided by the CME Group (formerly the Chicago Mercantile Exchange), and include the following futures markets: Currency futures trade Futures Contracts that are worth a specific amount of the underlying currency. For example, the EUR futures contract is worth $125,000. Date of delivery is also pre-determined like third Wednesday of jan, march, June,etc. The specifications of each contract in the currency futures market states the contract value, minimum price change (tick size) and the price change value (tick value). For Individual

Reflection On Care Of Surgical Drains Nursing Essay

Reflection On Care Of Surgical Drains Nursing Essay The use of drains continues to be an important aspect in the management of patients postoperatively. While drains serve an important function, they are also associated with complications such as haemorrhage, tissue inflammation, retrograde bacterial migration, and drain entrapment (Walker 2007). It is therefore very essential for nurses to provide adequate monitoring and care of surgical drains and provide measures to ensure prevention of complications from arising. While working in the surgical ward, I have been exposed to patients with surgical drains. This reality pushed me to know more about surgical drains and to gain more competence in the management of these patients. In this essay, I would be reflecting on my experiences as I worked to achieve my learning outcome of becoming proficient with surgical drains. I would be utilising Gibbs (1988) model of reflection which consists of 6 stages, namely: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. DESCRIPTION In the past, I have been exposed to patients in the surgical intensive care unit with surgical drains. I have known how to monitor care for the drains and have seen the surgeons remove these drains. But, I have never tried removing surgical drains before. Only surgeons and surgical resident doctors were allowed to remove drains in the country where I have trained before. Thus, when I started my adaptation program in the surgical ward, I was impressed with how skilful the nurses are with surgical drain removal. This gave me the urge to become proficient with the care of drains. During the first week of the adaptation program, I started my quest for knowledge by doing a literature review about the indications, importance of drains, the different types and the risks complications involved with drains. I gathered information from my mentor about the hospitals protocol and procedures for the care of drains as well as the different surgeons preferences in the care of their patients drains. It was then that I found out that surgeons always prefer the drains of orthopaedic patients (hip and knee replacements) to be taken out after 24 hours. As cited by Tucci, et al (2005), closed suction drainage systems are commonly used in orthopaedic surgery, the rationale for its use is to theoretically reduce wound haematoma and infection. Knowing that I was already well equipped with knowledge, I then focused on enhancing my skills in this aspect. I worked hand in hand with my mentor as I observed how she monitored, re-vacuumed, and removed the drains. I observed the techniques and principles that she utilised and noted the different materials needed for each procedure. FEELINGS When I already felt ready to remove the drain for the first time, I was feeling a little bit anxious that I would do something wrong especially that my mentor would be supervising me as I perform the procedure. I knew that time that I was well prepared knowledge wise and I exactly knew what I was about to do, but there is always that feeling of nervousness when you do something for the first time. My anxiety was lessened when my mentor reassured me as she told me not to worry as she will guide me all throughout the procedure. I had all the materials ready and was all geared up with personal protective devices. After obtaining informed consent from the patient, I removed the drain without any difficulty while making sure that aseptic technique was observed. Aseptic technique is very important to prevent surgical site infections. According to the NICE guidelines (2008), the development of an SSI depends on contamination of the wound site at the end of a surgical procedure and specifically relates to the pathogenicity and inoculum of microorganisms present, balanced against the hosts immune response. Thus, proper hand washing and maintaining sterility are very important when handling drains. Aside from removing drains, I have gained more confidence in re-vacuuming drains, monitoring drainage output, documenting and watching out for complications. While taking care of these patients, I ensured that complications are prevented by providing health teachings about hygiene, proper hand washing, measures to prevent complications and early detection of any complications. EVALUATION With the entire learning process, I was able to achieve my goal of attaining positive learning outcomes. I had been more proficient with handling surgical drains. I have improved my knowledge and shared these with my patients for them to have a safe recovery. I had been very keen with minimising complications and had been more watchful of the danger signs. I have known and practiced infection control by heart as well. There was one negative incident that occurred during my adaptation experience. This incident made me more cautious whenever I took care of patients with drains. We had a patient who underwent a major breast operation who had four astra drains in situ. She developed a haematoma during our shift because of the fact that all of her drains were all clamped from the previous shift. The surgeon himself discovered the nurses error and noticed the haematoma as well. He was not happy with what happened and told us to be very cautious with his patients drains. We made an investigation and found out that the nurse who re-vacuumed the drains from the previous shift failed to unclamp the drains. We made an incident report and informed the ward sister about the incident. We regularly monitored the patients haematoma and regularly massaged the affected area. ANALYSIS This incident made me realise how quickly complications arise when a single error is done. It taught me to be more cautious when re-vacuuming drains. Ever since that incident occurred, I always double check that all the drains are unclamped and patent before leaving the patients rooms. I always check the wound drain site for any haematoma or other unusualities as well. CONCLUSION Although it was not my error that the drains were clamped, I could still say that I do have a fault in that incident. If I could have checked the drains and the wound initially at the start of the shift, that haematoma might not have occurred or if not, be minimised. I was too busy taking care of other postoperative patients and kept saying to myself during that time that I would check the drains the wound after I am settled with the other patients. If I could have managed my time well and spared a little of my time to assess that patient, the incident might not have occurred. This incident served as a lesson for me the other staff nurses in the surgical ward and taught us the importance of drains thus, they should not be taken for granted. ACTION PLAN Based on this entire experience, I plan to widen my knowledge about surgical drains by doing more research work about other types of surgical drains that I am not familiar with to enhance my knowledge and to be prepared when the time comes that I would come across these types of drains. I also intend to be always updated with my knowledge by reading recent articles from journals or other sources and grab any opportunity of attending seminars/ trainings for continuing professional development.

Essay --

World Health Organization (WHO) identified quality as crucial element in its framework for health system strengthening. Quality serves as a mediator between the six system building blocks (leadership, health care financing, health workforce, service delivery, information and medical products) and health outcomes. As such, enhancing quality of each building block could lead to improved health outcomes and efficiency. Several quality improvement (QI) approaches have been widely employed to strengthen the health systems globally. Decision making based on evidence is one of the important QI principles used by many QI models and frameworks such as the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Baldrige Framework, etc. In order to make more informed decisions, it is necessary to have information about key processes, outputs, outcomes and results. Evidence is one key theme in managing health care quality. The adoption of evidence based practices in health care not only promote high standard of care but also increase client interest in quality of care. This will lead to continuous improvement of overall health system (Sax, 2014). In recent years, the results of many QI projects in developing countries are achieving widespread attention. Noticeable progress in quality could convince donors and governments that their resource are used efficiently and encourage further investment in health care (Leatherman et al., 2010). Thus, there has been growing interest on quality of these QI project results since policy makers, hospital leaders and clinicians make important decisions based on these information. Data Quality Audit (DQA) is one of the initiatives established... ...e clinics, community health centers and hospitals in three districts of the province. It is important to track every sequential steps of diagnostic and treatment services of PMTCT program. Effective monitoring could indicate the performance of the program in identifying HIV infected mothers and providing correct treatment. In South Africa, like many developing countries, health data collecting and reporting system was often stated unreliable (Garrib et al., 2008). As such, the PMTCT program introduced an intervention to improve the completeness and accuracy of the routine data collected in the DHIS. The flow of data begins at the service delivery points and the staffs at each primary care facilities combine these data monthly on paper and report to clinic supervisor. The data are transferred to electronic format by an information officer within the facility.

The Big Idea: How to Start an Entrepreneurial Revolution

In the latest Ease of Doing Business ranking from the World Bank, one country made a spectacular leap—from 143rd on the list to 67th. It was Rwanda, whose population and institutions had been decimated by genocide in the 1990s. On the World Bank list, Rwanda catapulted out of the neighborhood of Haiti, Liberia, and the West Bank and Gaza, and sailed past Italy, the Czech Republic, Turkey, and Poland. On one subindex in the study, the ease of opening a new business, Rwanda ranked 11th worldwide. You can see and even smell the signs of Rwanda’s business revolution at Costco, one of the retail world’s most demanding trade customers, where pungent coffee grown by the nation’s small farmer-entrepreneurs is stocked on the shelves. And in Rwanda itself the evidence is dramatic—per capita GDP has almost quadrupled since 1995. [pic] Rwanda: From Genocide to Costco’s Shelves This is the kind of change entrepreneurship can bring to a country. As Rwanda’s president, Paul Kagame, put it recently, â€Å"Entrepreneurship is the most sure way of development.† He is not a lone voice: Economic studies from around the globe consistently link entrepreneurship, particularly the fast-growth variety, with rapid job creation, GDP growth, and long-term productivity increases. You’ll see more palpable evidence of surprising entrepreneurial success stories on the Costco shelves. A few steps away from the Rwandan coffee, you can find fresh fish from Chile, which now ranks second only to Norway as a supplier of salmon. The Chilean fish in America’s supermarkets were supplied by hundreds of new fishing-related ventures spawned in the 1980s and 1990s. A few aisles over are memory USBs invented and manufactured in Israel, a country whose irrepressible entrepreneurs have been supplying innovative technologies to the world since the 1970s. And just around the corner, the Costco pharmacy sells generic drugs made by Iceland’s Actavis, whose meteoric rise landed it, in just 10 years, among the top five global generics leaders. Rwanda, Chile, Israel, and Iceland all are fertile ground for entrepreneurship—thanks in no small part to the efforts of their governments. Though the companies behind the products on Costco’s shelves were launched by innovative entrepreneurs, those businesses were all aided, either directly or indirectly, by government leaders who helped build environments that nurture and sustain entrepreneurship. These entrepreneurship ecosystems have become a kind of holy grail for governments around the world—in both emerging and developed countries. Unfortunately, many governments take a misguided approach to building entrepreneurship ecosystems. They pursue some unattainable ideal of an ecosystem and look to economies that are completely unlike theirs for best practices. But increasingly, the most effective practices come from remote corners of the earth, where resources—as well as legal frameworks, transparent governance, and democratic values—may be scarce. In these places entrepreneurship has a completely new face. The new practices are emerging murkily and by trial and error. This messiness should not deter leaders—there’s too much at stake. Governments need to exploit all available experience and commit to ongoing experimentation. They must follow an incomplete and ever-changing set of prescriptions and relentlessly review and refine them. The alternatives—taking decades to devise a model set of guidelines, acting randomly, or doing nothing—all are unacceptable. But the government cannot do everything on its own; the private and nonprofit sectors too must shoulder some responsibility. In numerous instances corporate executives, family-business owners, universities, professional organizations, foundations, labor organizations, financiers, and, of course, entrepreneurs themselves have initiated and even financed entrepreneurship education, conferences, research, and policy advocacy. As we shall show later in this article, sometimes private initiative makes it easier for governments to act more quickly and effectively, and all stakeholders—government and otherwise—should take every chance to show real leadership. To make progress, leaders need practical if imperfect maps and navigational guidelines. From what we know from both research and practice, here’s what seems to actually work in stimulating thriving entrepreneurship ecosystems. Nine Prescriptions for Creating an Entrepreneurship Ecosystem The entrepreneurship ecosystem consists of a set of individual elements—such as leadership, culture, capital markets, and open-minded customers—that combine in complex ways. (See the exhibit â€Å"Do You Have a Strong Entrepreneurship Ecosystem?†) In isolation, each is conducive to entrepreneurship but insufficient to sustain it. That’s where many governmental efforts go wrong—they address only one or two elements. Together, however, these elements turbocharge venture creation and growth. When integrating them into one holistic system, government leaders should focus on these nine key principles. [pic] Do You Have a Strong Entrepreneurship Ecosystem? 1: Stop Emulating Silicon Valley. The nearly universal ambition of becoming another Silicon Valley sets governments up for frustration and failure. There is little argument that Silicon Valley is the â€Å"gold standard† entrepreneurship ecosystem, home to game-changing giants such as Intel, Oracle, Google, eBay, and Apple. The Valley has it all: technology, money, talent, a critical mass of ventures, and a culture that encourages collaborative innovation and tolerates failure. So it is understandable when public leaders throughout the world point to California and say, â€Å"I want that.† Yet, Valley envy is a poor guide for three reasons. One is that, ironically, even Silicon Valley could not become itself today if it tried. Its ecosystem evolved under a unique set of circumstances: a strong local aerospace industry, the open California culture, Stanford University’s supportive relationships with industry, a mother lode of invention from Fairchild Semiconductor, a liberal immigration policy toward doctoral students, and pure luck, among other things. All those factors set off a chaotic evolution that defies definitive determination of cause and effect. Further, Silicon Valley is fed by an overabundance of technology and technical expertise. Developing â€Å"knowledge-based industry†Ã¢â‚¬â€the mantra of governments everywhere—is an admirable aspiration, but achieving it requires a massive, generation-long investment in education as well as the ability to develop world-class intellectual property. On top of that, a knowledge industry demands an enormous technology pipeline and scrap pile. Consider that top venture capitalists invest in at best 1% of the technology-based businesses they look at, and a significant proportion of that select group fails. A third limit is that although Silicon Valley sounds as if it’s a place that breeds local ventures, in reality it’s as much a powerful magnet for ready-made entrepreneurs, who flock there from around the globe, often forming their own ethnic subcultures and organizations in what Gordon Moore, one of the Valley’s graybeards, calls an â€Å"industry of transplants.† And difficult as it is to foster an ecosystem that encourages current inhabitants to make the entrepreneurial choice and then succeed at it, it is even harder to create an entrepreneur’s â€Å"Mecca.† 2: Shape the Ecosystem Around Local Conditions. If not Silicon Valley, then what entrepreneurial vision should government leaders aspire to? The most difficult, yet crucial, thing for a government is to tailor the suit to fit its own local entrepreneurship dimensions, style, and The striking dissimilarities of Rwanda, Chile, Israel, and Iceland illustrate the principle that leaders can and must foster homegrown solutions—ones based on the realities of their own circumstances, be they natural resources, geographic location, or culture. Rwanda’s government took a strongly interventionist strategy in the postgenocide years, identifying three local industries (coffee, tea, and tourism) that had proven potential for development. It actively organized the institutions that would support those industries by, for example, training farmers to grow and package coffee to international standards and connecting them to overseas distribution channels. Rwanda’s immediate priority was to provide gainful employment to millions of people. Its efforts led to about 72,000 new ventures, almost entirely consisting of two- and three-person operations, which in a decade tripled exports and reduced poverty by 25%. Chile also focused on industries where it had copious natural resources—such as fishing. As in Rwanda, the government took a powerfully interventionist approach to its entrepreneurship ecosystem in Augusto Pinochet’s early years, and the dictator’s free-market ideology made it easier for Chile’s middle class to obtain financing and licenses for fishing operations. The government also weakened labor (sometimes brutally) to reduce new ventures’ input costs and kept Chile’s currency inexpensive to maintain competitiveness in export markets. Natural resources often are not a key component of an ecosystem, however. Frequently, entrepreneurship is stimulated when such resources are scarce, requiring people to be more inventive. Taiwan, Iceland, Ireland, and New Zealand, resource-poor â€Å"islands† far from major markets, all developed ecosystems based primarily on human capital. So did Israel. In the 1970s and 1980s, its unique ecosystem evolved haphazardly out of a combination of factors, including spillover from large military R&D efforts, strong diaspora connections to capital and customers, and a culture that prized frugality, education, and unconventional wisdom. 3: Engage the Private Sector from the Start. Government cannot build ecosystems alone. Only the private sector has the motivation and perspective to develop self-sustaining, profit-driven markets. For this reason, government must involve the private sector early and let it keep or acquire a significant stake in the ecosystem’s success. Start with a candid conversation. One way to involve the private sector is to reach out to its representatives for early, frank advice in reducing structural barriers and formulating entrepreneur-friendly policies and programs. If the necessary expertise doesn’t exist domestically, it can often be found overseas among expatriates. In the 1980s the Taiwanese government engaged with the Taiwanese diaspora, consulting prominent executives in leading U.S. technology companies and establishing ongoing forums to collect their input. The government actually built programs based on the suggestions of these expats, who liked how their ideas were implemented so much that they returned home in droves in the 1990s, many of them to occupy prominent policy positions or run the new plants that were established. For example, Morris Chang, the former group vice president of Texas Instruments, came home and eventually set up and ran TSMC, Taiwan’s second semiconductor-fabricating plant. Taiwan: Bringing Expat Entrepreneurs Home Design in self-liquidation. In 1993 the Israeli government created Yozma, a $100 million fund of funds that in three years spawned 10 venture capital funds. In each one, Yozma, an Israeli private partner, and a foreign private partner with proven fund management expertise all invested approximately equal amounts. From the start, the Israeli government gave the private sector partners an option to buy out its interest in the funds at attractive terms—a fact often overlooked by other governments that copy the Yozma model. That option was exercised by eight of the 10 funds, profitably for the government, I might add. Five years after the founding of Yozma, its remaining assets were liquidated by auction. The government’s exit served as market proof that real value had been generated and is one of the reasons that the Israeli venture capital industry not only became self-sustaining but simultaneously achieved a quantum leap in growth. 4: Favor the High Potentials. Many programs in emerging economies spread scarce resources among quantities of bottom-of-the-pyramid ventures. And indeed, some of them, such as the Carvajal Foundation in Cali, Colombia, have dramatically increased income for segments of the population. But focusing resources there to the exclusion of high-potential ventures is a crucial mistake. In an era when microfinance for small-scale entrepreneurs has become mainstream, the reallocation of resources to support high-potential entrepreneurs may seem elitist and inequitable. But especially if resources are limited, programs should try to focus first on ambitious, growth-oriented entrepreneurs who address large potential markets. The social economics of high-potential ventures and small-scale employment alternatives are significantly different. Whereas 500 microfinanced sole proprietorships and one rapidly globalizing 500-person operation create the same number of jobs, many experts argue that the wealth creation, power to inspire other start-ups, labor force enrichment, and reputational value are much greater with the latter. One organization that recognizes this is Enterprise Ireland, an agency responsible for supporting the growth of world-class Irish companies. It has created a program specifically to provide mentoring and financial assistance to high-potential start-ups, which it defines as ventures that are export-oriented, are based on innovative technology, and can generate at least â‚ ¬1 million in sales and 10 jobs in three years. The global nonprofit Endeavor, which focuses on entrepreneurship development in 10 emerging economies, has to date â€Å"adopted† some 440 â€Å"high-impact entrepreneurs,† who, with Endeavor’s mentoring, are turning their successes into role models for their countrymen. Not all high-potential ventures are technology based; in fact, I’d argue that the majority are not. SABIS is a perfect example. An educational management organization founded in Lebanon many years ago as one school, SABIS now is one of the world’s largest EMOs, teaching more than 65,000 students in 15 countries, with the goal of reaching 5 million students by 2020. 5: Get a Big Win on the Board. It has become clear in recent years that even one success can have a surprisingly stimulating effect on an entrepreneurship ecosystem—by igniting the imagination of the public and inspiring imitators. I call this effect the â€Å"law of small numbers.† Skype’s adoption by millions and eventual $2.6 billion sale to eBay reverberated throughout the small nation of Estonia, encouraging highly trained technical people to start their own companies. In China, Baidu’s market share and worldwide recognition have inspired an entire generation of new entrepreneurs. Celtel’s amazing success as sub-Saharan Africa’s leading regional mobile provider and acquisition by Zain for more than $3 billion stirred the region’s pride and helped African governments fight â€Å"Africa fright† among investors. In Ireland it was Elan Corporation and Iona Technologies, listed on Nasdaq in 1984 and 1997, respectively, that served as guiding lights to a gener ation of budding entrepreneurs. Sub-Saharan Africa: Building Shareholder Value—and Better Government Early, visible successes help reduce the perception of entrepreneurial barriers and risks, and highlight the tangible rewards. Even modest successes can have an impact. Saudi Arabia, a nation with a dearth of entrepreneurial ventures (aside from the powerful family business groups), is fighting hard to tear down the numerous structural and cultural obstacles entrepreneurs face. One young Saudi, Abdullah Al-Munif, left his salaried job, tightened his belt, fought the bureaucracy, and started a business making chocolate-covered dates. He ultimately grew the business, Anoosh, into a national chain of 10 high street stores and turned an eye to overseas markets. Now when Al-Munif appears as a panelist at entrepreneurship seminars, he is swamped by aspiring Saudi entrepreneurs who take inspiration from his bravery, realizing that neither capital, nor technology, nor connections are essential to success. Overcelebrate the successes. Governments should be bold about celebrating thriving entrepreneurial ventures. Media events, highly publicized awards, and touts in government literature, speeches, and interviews all have an impact. This is not as straightforward as it may seem, because many cultures discourage any public display of success as boastful or an invitation to either bad luck or the tax collector. Whereas in Hong Kong even small-scale entrepreneurs drive black Mercedes to project their status, in the Middle East flaunting one’s success publicly can attract the envy of neighbors or, worse, the evil eye. Kenya’s first international call center, KenCall, founded by Nicholas Nesbitt and two partners in 2004, built an international presence by overcoming many bureaucratic and structural barriers, including the lack of a high-speed optical fiber hookup to the international communications grid. The Kenyan government didn’t wait until KenCall became big to sing its praises; even when it was a fledgling operation, the government brought in foreign delegations for visits, promoted the company in official publications and press releases, and hosted an international outsourcing conference. Government officials also used KenCall’s example to push for reforms, which expedited the construction of East Africa’s first undersea optical fiber link—an example of how entrepreneurial success can facilitate structural change, not just the other way around. 6: Tackle Cultural Change Head-On. Changing a deeply ingrained culture is enormously difficult, but both Ireland and Chile demonstrate that it is possible to alter social norms about entrepreneurship in less than a generation. Until the 1980s employment in government, financial services, or agriculture was the main aspiration of Ireland’s young people. There was zero tolerance for loan defaults, and bankruptcy was stigmatized. Parents discouraged their children from setting out on their own, so few nurtured dreams of starting their own business. But by the 1990s, after successful pioneers paved the way, hundreds of new software companies had been launched in Ireland. Some exported products; some went public. Many achieved healthy sales revenues. Just as important, entrepreneurs learned that it was possible to fail and regroup to try again. â€Å"If you wanted to be respected and taken seriously, you needed to be a founder with a stake in a company trying to do something,† recalls Barry Murphy, who was national software director at Enterprise Ireland’s predecessor in the 1990s. In her research, University of Minnesota professor Rachel Schurman has described how Chileans’ negative image of entrepreneurs as greedy exploiters was transformed in just one decade, as a direct result of the Chilean government’s concerted effort to liberalize Chile’s economy. Until the 1980s, Chile’s well-educated middle class wasn’t entrepreneurial, avoided opportunity-driven investment, and preferred to consume rather than save and invest. But by the 1990s, Chile’s new middle-class entrepreneurs were telling Schurman: â€Å"Today the youth, everybody, wants to be an entrepreneur. If a successful empresario is interviewed in the newspaper, everybody reads it. Why was he successful? How did he do it? It’s a model that never existed before†¦.† The media can play an important role not just in celebrating wins but in changing attitudes. In Puerto Rico, El Nuevo Dà ­a, the largest daily newspaper, supported local entrepreneurship by running a weekly page of start-up success stories. On the small island, these stories have quickly become part of the social dialogue and have raised awareness about the opportunities entrepreneurship presents, as well as the tools it requires. 7: Stress the Roots. It’s a mistake to flood even high-potential entrepreneurs with easy money: More is not necessarily merrier. New ventures must be exposed early to the rigors of the market. Just as grape growers withhold water from their vines to extend their root systems and make their grapes produce more-concentrated flavor, governments should â€Å"stress the roots† of new ventures by meting out money carefully, to ensure that entrepreneurs develop toughness and resourcefulness. Such measures also help weed out opportunists. In 2006 Malaysia’s Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative Development awarded 90% of some 21,000 applicants about $5,000 each in business support, strong evidence of the government’s commitment to entrepreneurship. The program was part of an affirmative action program largely aimed at indigenous Malays, who were less entrepreneurial than the country’s business-minded Chinese immigrants. Yet Malay entrepreneurs themselves attribute the disappointing results partly to the fact that funding was too loose and even stigmatized the Malay recipients as less capable. More broadly, Malaysian entrepreneurship-development programs, considered by many, including myself, to be among the most comprehensive programs in the world, have been criticized for actually inhibiting entrepreneurship among the Malays by unwittingly reinforcing their lack of risk taking. Similarly, recent reports on South Africa’s Black Economic Empowerment program have reached the conclusion that BEE has discouraged entrepreneurship among the bulk of black South Africans and has benefited primarily the elite and well-connected. In fact, the hardships of resource-scarce, even hostile, environments often promote entrepreneurial resourcefulness. New Zealanders call Kiwi ingenuity â€Å"number 8 wire†: In the country’s colonial days, the only plentiful resource was 8-gauge fencing wire, and New Zealanders learned to fix and make anything with it. Icelandic entrepreneurship is built upon a legacy of â€Å"fishing when the fish are there, not when the weather is good.† For years incubators or entrepreneurship centers that provide financial help, mentoring, and often space to start-ups have been popular with governments. But I have seen scant rigorous evidence that these expensive programs contribute commensurately to entrepreneurship. One municipality in Latin America established 30 small incubators, but after several years only one venture out of more than 500 assisted by them had reached annual sales of $1 million. Though Israel’s renowned incubator program has helped launch more than 1,300 new ventures, relatively few of them have been big entrepreneurial successes. On the basis of my discussions with Israeli officials, I estimate that, among the hundreds of Israeli ventures that have been acquired at hefty valuations or taken public, at best 5% were hatched in incubators. And incubators definitely are not a quick fix. When well conceived and well managed, they can take 20 years or longer to generate a measurable impact on entrepreneurship. Poorly conceived and managed, they can be white elephants.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1707 Words

In the United States, the pursuit of wealth through hard work is the main principle and guideline of life. Labeled as the American Dream, Americans are pressed to work hard and honest under the idea that they will have an equal opportunity to obtain riches and glory. But is the pursuit of wealth really as pure and honest as it may seem? Holding this same idea and question, in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, a young man by the name of Nick Carraway begins his pursuit towards the American Dream. The novel begins with Nick arriving at his new yet shabby home in Long Island, where he is surrounded by the mansions of millionaires. As Nick settles into his new home, he begins to spend time with the wealthy residents, both new and†¦show more content†¦This idea, presented by the recurring events and acts of cheating and dishonesty by the main characters of the story, serves as a theme of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. In The Great Gatsby, cheating serves as a motif of the novel, which can be drawn from the constant events and tales of cheating which occur throughout the story. The motif of cheating serves to add the idea that purity of the people in pursuit of the American dream may be tainted with corruption. The cheating motif inlaid in the novel reveals the shallow and the dark side of the lives of the wealthy class. The constant corruption, in its many different forms and individual events, shown in The Great Gatsby by the people pursuing the American Dream show the corruption and utter hollowness of the American Dream. The motif reveals that the American Dream is a dark goal which involves cheating and betrayal. Every major character in the story presents different individual events of corruption in their pursuits. Each separate event ties back to the idea that the American dream’s goals are overwhelmed by the human greed and ability to cut each other s throat in order to move up in cl ass. The cheating motif, which reveals the darkness hidden in the American Dream, presses the idea that the American Dream is not an honest pursuit due to the corruption in which is displayed in the people which pursue it. Tom Buchanan